Carbon emissions and mitigation potentials of 5G base station in
The 5G base station can be roughly divided into a macro base station, a micro base station, and a room subsystem according to the coverage range. The coverage capacity of 5G
This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
However, a significant reduction of ca. 42.8% can be achieved by optimizing the power structure and base station layout strategy and reducing equipment power consumption. Overall, this study provides a clear approach to assess the environmental impact of the 5G base station and will promote the green development of mobile communication facilities.
As 5G serves as the foundation for the construction of new infrastructure, China, as the world leader in 5G base station construction, has already built over 1.4 million 5G base stations in 2021 alone. In the same year, 5G base stations in China produced approximately 49.2 million tons of CO 2 eq.
In terms of COPD caused by pollutants emitted from communication base stations in 2021 (Table S13), the average PM 2.5 concentration in Chinese provinces was 27.1161 μg/m 3, of which 0.0354 μg/m 3 (0.13%) was attributed to the energy use of communication base stations (Figures 5 A–5C).
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