Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a grid-connected
Using PVsyst software, technical, economic, and environmental factors were analyzed, including energy injected into the grid, net present value (NPV), internal rate of
In the case of inverter products, the main contributor to environmental impact is the integrated circuits on printed circuit boards . The raw materials required for solar PV manufacturing include metals, metalloids, non-metallic minerals and polymers, with differences in material needs across technologies.
The inverter is the second-most important part of the solar system. The recycling of inverters for PV power plants is a complex and challenging process that involves several technical, economic, and environmental aspects.
It has been shown that smart inverter controls can help to significantly increase PV penetration, as can energy storage systems, which is a large separate topic. There are numerous studies that deal with the technical or practical assessment of PV penetration in the existing power system, e.g., [40, 41, 42].
In the context of end-of-life environmental impacts, solar modules and inverters have the greatest importance. Therefore, the rest of the text analyzes the issue of their recycling and the impact on the environment during recycling. First, it is necessary to show the parts that make up a typical solar panel (Figure 3). Figure 3.
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